基于拉格朗日系统中约束力思想的编队卫星构形非线性控制方法

借鉴经典动力学中约束力的思想，提出了一种编队卫星构形精确保持的非线性控制方法．该方法首先将非线性和摄动条件下编队卫星构形保持问题转换为带有完整约束的拉格朗日动力学系统，然后将问题转换为一组微分代数方程，通过求解微分代数方程，确定编队卫星构形保持的非线性控制律．由于借鉴了约束力的思想，该方法自然地利用了编队卫星动力学系统的力学特性，具有节省能量和高精度的特点．通过对线性和非线性条件下空间圆编队卫星构形保持问题的仿真，验证了提出的非线性控制方法的这些特性．     

On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.

Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.     

Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules.

Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, operate by scanning a data tape, whose striking analogy to information-encoding biopolymers inspired several designs for molecular DNA computers. Laboratory-scale computing using DNA and human-assisted protocols has been demonstrated, but the realization of computing devices operating autonomously on the molecular scale remains rare. Here we describe a programmable finite automaton comprising DNA and DNA-manipulating enzymes that solves computational problems autonomously. The automaton's hardware consists of a restriction nuclease and ligase, the software and input are encoded by double-stranded DNA, and programming amounts to choosing appropriate software molecules. Upon mixing solutions containing these components, the automaton processes the input molecule via a cascade of restriction, hybridization and ligation cycles, producing a detectable output molecule that encodes the automaton's final state, and thus the computational result. In our implementation 1012 automata sharing the same software run independently and in parallel on inputs (which could, in principle, be distinct) in 120 microl solution at room temperature at a combined rate of 109 transitions per second with a transition fidelity greater than 99.8%, consuming less than 10-10 W.     

A hierarchical multiple criteria model for eliciting relative preferences in conflict situations

A multiple criteria decision analysis(MCDA) approach is designed for capturing the relative preference information of a decision maker involved in a conflict.More specifically,an MCDA approach based on the outranking method,ELECTRE III,is employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in the conflict from most to least preferred,where ties are allowed,for a decision maker according to his or her value system.To demonstrate how this preference elicitation methodology can be conveniently implemented in practice within the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution,it is applied to a real world water supply crisis which occurred in the town of North Battleford,located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.     

从关联性记忆错觉的毕生发展看记忆的适应性特质

记忆重构的过程会导致歪曲或错误.关联性记忆错觉是一种最常见的错误记忆,体现了个体在认知资源有限时对语义梗概信息的适应性利用,这是记忆具有适应性特质的一种体现.另一方面,记忆的适应性还体现为在特定的情景需求下,个体能够通过一定的策略(如充分加工项目特异性信息)抑制关联性记忆错觉的发生,以保持精确记忆.本文从利用梗概表征和抑制关联性记忆错觉两种能力的毕生发展透视了记忆的适应性特质的年龄特征.将来可从记忆演化的角度获得更多关于记忆适应性的证据.     

黄土高原东南部宋家店黄土剖面L9中地磁记录异常

对黄土高原东南部三门峡地区宋家店黄土剖面L8～S12段详细的磁性地层学和岩石磁学研究表明:Matuyama/Brunhes(M/B)界线位于L8黄土层的底部,Jaramillo极性亚时的顶、底界线分别位于L10的中部和L12的底部.黄土和古土壤地层的磁组构保持了原生沉积组构的特点,所记录的剩磁没有遭受到明显的后期扰动.在L9黄土层中记录了2次地磁场异常,认为由重磁化的可能性较小,而磁极性漂移事件的解释更为合理.推算它们的年龄分别与Kamikatsura(0.886Ma)和Santa Rosa(0.922Ma)地磁漂移事件接近,相对古强度研究结果显示,上述地磁漂移事件期间地球磁场强度减弱.     

利用频域连续性检测非合作突发通信信号

针对在非合作突发通信信号检测中,已有的各种检测方法均未能充分利用信号的频域连续性的问题,提出了一种新的检测方法,利用信号的频域连续性,在频率和带宽二维进行频域能量累积,搜索最大值并检测.理论分析和仿真均验证了此方法优于Power-Law方法 2 dB以上.     

基于核因子分析的捷联惯组稳定性评估技术

当前捷联惯组的稳定性评价方法单一,严重影响了使用单位对捷联惯组的使用效率。针对捷联惯组各个误差系数两次测试之差线性相关性较弱的特点,本文应用统计学习理论中的核化原理将因子分析这一线性特征提取算法推广至非线性特征提取算法,并改进了传统的因子综合评价方法,将其用于捷联惯组的稳定性评估。数值实验结果证明了本文提出的核因子分析方法的有效性。     

陆壳的生成: 与赞歧岩类的联系

陆壳的平均成分为中性, 而某些典型岛弧岩浆岩也具中性的化学组成, 因而, 人们认为陆壳应产生于古老的会聚板块边界. 中性陆壳形成的一个可能机制是直接产生于上地幔的安山质熔体. 产于日本西南Setouchi火山岩带的赞歧岩类包括高镁安山岩(HMA), 是俯冲板片熔融及其后的熔体-地幔相互作用的结果. 该岩类形成于特殊构造环境(例如, 热的岩石圈俯冲进入异常热的上地幔), 这种环境可能在太古代时业已存在. 富水的高镁安山岩岩浆很可能在地壳内固结形成高镁安山质岩体, 然后这些岩体重熔产生了分异的赞歧岩类. 目前, 高镁安山岩岩浆的形成和分异可能正发生于Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM)弧-沟系. 这是因为: (1) IBM演化初始阶段以高镁安山岩岩浆作用为特征; (2) IBM中地壳的波速VP与总体陆壳的波速一致. 对具高镁安山质深成岩的VP估计也支持了这一点, 但也不能排除英云闪长质岩在该岛弧中部地壳的存在. 因此, 陆壳的形成也有可能由幔源玄武质岩浆分异而产生.     

同伦近似对称法：六阶Boussinesq方程的同伦级数解

提出了用以处理非线性问题的同伦近似对称法,并利用该方法研究流体动力学中的六阶Boussinesq方程.各阶相似约化解和各阶相似约化方程均可以写出通式,从而导出相应的同伦级数解.零阶相似约化方程等价于Painlevé IV型方程或Weierstrass椭圆方程,高阶相似解可以通过解线性变系数常微分方程得到.辅助参数具有调节同伦级数解的收敛性的作用.由近似对称法得到的级数解和各阶相似约化方程均能够由同伦近似对称法重新得到.